Terms and Definitions
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Backflow:
The flow of any foreign liquids, gases, or substances into the distributing pipe lines of a potable supply of water. Backflow may occur under two conditions: pressure greater than atmospheric, and pressure that is sub atmospheric.
Backpressure:
Backflow caused by a pump, elevated tank, boiler, or other means that could create pressure within the system greater than the supply pressure.
Backsiphonage:
A form of backflow due to a negative or subatmospheric pressure within a water system.
Cross-Connection:
Any connection or structural arrangement between a public or a consumer's potable-water system and any nonpotable source or system through which backflow can occur. (Bypass arrangements, jumper connections, removable sections, swivel or change-over devices, and other temporary or permanent devices through which, or because of which, backflow can occur are considered to be cross-connections.)
Double Check Detector Assembly:
Protects potable water systems from a pollutant caused by a cross-connection on a fire system and also detects any unauthorized use of water and leaks on the fire line system. Only used on a backpressure condition. Consists of two independently operating check valves, two shut off valves, and bypass assembly with meter. Used in low hazard conditions.
Double Check Valve Assembly:
Protects the potable water supply from a pollutant caused by a cross-connection. Only used in a backpressure condition. Consists of two independently operating check valves, two shut-off valves, and four test cocks. Used in low hazard conditions.
Reduced Pressure Detector Assembly:
Protects the potable water supply from contamination caused by a cross-connection on a fire system and also detects any unauthorized use of water and leaks on a fire line water system. May be used on a backsiphonage and backpressure condition. Consists of two independently operating check valves, a hydraulically operated mechanical pressure differential relief valve located between the check valves and below the first check, two shut-off valves, bypass assembly with small diameter RP and meter, and appropriate test checks. Used in high hazard conditions.
Reduced Pressure Zone Assembly:
Protects the potable water supply from contamination caused by a cross-connection. May be used on a backsiphonage and backpressure condition. Consists of two independently operating check valves, a hydraulically operated mechanical pressure differential relief valve located between the check valves and below the first check, two shut-off valves, and appropriate test checks. Used in high hazard conditions.